Bibliography for POLS232 BETA

‘A Theory of Critical Elections: V.O. Key 1955’ (no date). Available at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2126401.

Abendschon, S. and Steinmetz, S. (2014) ‘The Gender Gap in Voting Revisited: Women’s Party Preferences in a European Context’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 21(2), pp. 315–344. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxu009.

Abramson, P.R. et al. (2010) ‘Comparing Strategic Voting Under FPTP and PR’, Comparative Political Studies, 43(1), pp. 61–90. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009341717.

Achen, C.H., Bartels, L.M., and Ebooks Corporation (2016) Democracy for realists: why elections do not produce responsive government. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=4398651.

Achterberg, P. (2006) ‘Class Voting in the New Political Culture’, International Sociology, 21(2), pp. 237–261. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580906061378.

Adams, J. (no date) Party competition and responsible party government: a theory of spatial competition based upon insights from behavioral voting research. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.23030.

Anderson, C.J. (2007) ‘The End of Economic Voting? Contingency Dilemmas and the Limits of Democratic Accountability’, Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), pp. 271–296. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.050806.155344.

Bahador, B. et al. (eds) (2016) ‘Politics and the media’, in. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press.

‘Basic Content Analysis - Oxford Scholarship - acprof-9780190215491-chapter-2’ (no date) in. Available at: https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001/acprof-9780190215491-chapter-2?print=pdf.

Blais, A. et al. (2003) ‘Campaign Dynamics in the 2000 Canadian Election: How the Leader Debates Salvaged the Conservative Party’, Political Science and Politics, 36(01), pp. 45–50. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096503001677.

Bornschier, S. (2010) ‘The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe’, West European Politics, 33(3), pp. 419–444. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402381003654387.

Brandenburg, H. and Van Egmond, M. (2012) ‘Pressed into Party Support? Media Influence on Partisan Attitudes during the 2005 UK General Election Campaign’, British Journal of Political Science, 42(02), pp. 441–463. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123411000445.

Brians, C.L. (2005) ‘Women for Women?’, American Politics Research, 33(3), pp. 357–375. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X04269415.

Brooks, C., Nieuwbeerta, P. and Manza, J. (2006) ‘Cleavage-based voting behavior in cross-national perspective: evidence from six postwar democracies’, Social Science Research, 35(1), pp. 88–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.06.005.

‘Building Consensus: The News Media’ s Agenda-Setting Roles - 105846097199236’ (no date). Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/105846097199236?needAccess=true.

Campbell, R. and Erzeel, S. (2018) ‘Exploring Gender Differences in Support for Rightist Parties: The Role of Party and Gender Ideology’, Politics & Gender, 14(01), pp. 80–105. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X17000599.

‘Can Populism Be Defended? William Riker, Gerry Mackie and the Interpretation of Democracy - 44483157.pdf’ (no date). Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44483157.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:0645628957f2ed2e8910a0aa956c00a6.

CHARNEY, E. and ENGLISH, W. (2012) ‘Candidate Genes and Political Behavior’, American Political Science Review, 106(01), pp. 1–34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000554.

Citizen politics : public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW (no date a).

Citizen politics : public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW (no date b).

Citizen politics : public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW (no date c).

Converse, P.E. (2006) ‘The nature of belief systems in mass publics (1964)’, Critical Review, 18(1–3), pp. 1–74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08913810608443650.

Conway, B.A., Kenski, K. and Wang, D. (2015) ‘The Rise of Twitter in the Political Campaign: Searching for Intermedia Agenda-Setting Effects in the Presidential Primary’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(4), pp. 363–380. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12124.

‘Crooked Hillary and Dumb Trump’ (no date). Available at: https://benjamins.com/catalog/ip.00004.hof/fulltext/ip.00004.hof.pdf.

Curran, J. et al. (2014) ‘Reconsidering “virtuous circle” and “media malaise” theories of the media: An 11-nation study’, Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 15(7), pp. 815–833. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913520198.

Dalton, R.J. (2009) ‘Economics, environmentalism and party alignments: A note on partisan change in advanced industrial democracies’, European Journal of Political Research, 48(2), pp. 161–175. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00831.x.

Dalton, R.J. (2014a) Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press.

Dalton, R.J. (2014b) Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press.

Dalton, R.J. (2014c) Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press.

Dalton, R.J. (2020) Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies. Seventh edition, Chapter 11: Political Representation. Seventh edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press.

Dalton, R.J. and Anderson, C.J. (2010) Citizens, Context, and Choice. Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599233.001.0001.

‘Distorting the News? The Mechanisms of Partisan Media Bias and Its Effects on News Production - s11109-019-09551-y.pdf’ (no date). Available at: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11109-019-09551-y.pdf.

‘Do Polls Influence the Vote?’ (no date) in. Available at: https://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472099213-ch11.pdf.

Dobrzynska, A. (2003) ‘Do the Media Have a Direct Impact on the Vote? The Case of the 1997 Canadian Election’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15(1), pp. 27–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/15.1.27.

‘Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate? - 2082710.pdf’ (no date). Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2082710.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:e548bd20b3f827e841623fe145b7adbf.

Dowling, C.M. and Krupnikov, Y. (2016) ‘The Effects of Negative Advertising’, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.51.

Druckman, J.N. (2004) ‘Priming the Vote: Campaign Effects in a U.S. Senate Election’, Political Psychology, 25(4), pp. 577–594. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00388.x.

Economic Voting - Political Science - Oxford Bibliographies (no date). Available at: http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0057.xml.

Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (no date a) ‘Broadcasting versus Narrowcasting: Do Mass Media Exist in the Twenty-First Century?’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Available at: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-62.

Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (no date b) ‘Political Advertising’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Available at: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-004.

Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (no date c) ‘Political Campaign Debates’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Available at: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-007.

Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (no date d) ‘The Media Agenda: Who (or What) Sets It?’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Available at: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-37.

Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (no date e) ‘Theories of Media Bias’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Available at: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-44.

Edited by Russell J. Dalton and Hans‐Dieter Klingemann (no date) ‘Economic Models of Voting’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior. Available at: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199270125-e-027.

‘Effects of presidential debate watching and ideology on attitudes and knowledge’ (no date), 34, pp. 163–172. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/203263700/fulltextPDF/9A1DC6916E0B4527PQ/1?accountid=14782.

Emmenegger, P. and Manow, P. (2014) ‘Religion and the Gender Vote Gap’, Politics & Society, 42(2), pp. 166–193. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329213519419.

Enli, G. (2017) ‘Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election’, European Journal of Communication, 32(1), pp. 50–61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802.

Entman, R.M. (1991) ‘Framing U.S. Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents’, Journal of Communication, 41(4), pp. 6–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x.

Evans, Geoffrey and Tilley, James (no date) ‘How Parties Shape Class Politics: Explaining the Decline of the Class Basis of Party Support’, British Journal of Political Science, 42(1), pp. 137–161. Available at: http://search.proquest.com/docview/907179060?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782.

Fisher, S.D. et al. (2015) ‘Candidate Ethnicity and Vote Choice in Britain’, British Journal of Political Science, 45(04), pp. 883–905. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123413000562.

Flanagan, T. (2014) Winning power: Canadian campaigning in the twenty-first century. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=3332673.

‘Gender, populist attitudes, and voting: explaining the gender gap in voting for populist radical right and populist radical left parties - 01402382.2017.1287448’ (no date). Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402382.2017.1287448?needAccess=true.

Gibbons, Matthew (no date) ‘New Zealand Political Parties’ Policies’, New Zealand Sociology, 26(1), pp. 41–67. Available at: https://tewaharoa.victoria.ac.nz/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_proquest874476805&context=PC&vid=VUWNUI〈=en_US&search_scope=64VUW_ALL&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=all&query=any,contains,party%20policies%20in%20new%20zealand%20politics&sortby=rank&offset=0.

Gibson, R. and Römmele, A. (2001) ‘Changing Campaign Communications: A Party-Centered Theory of Professionalized Campaigning’, Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 6(4), pp. 31–43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/108118001129172323.

Gibson, R.K. and Römmele, A. (2009) ‘Measuring the Professionalization of Political Campaigning’, Party Politics, 15(3), pp. 265–293. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068809102245.

Gil de Zúñiga, H., Correa, T. and Valenzuela, S. (2012a) ‘Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), pp. 597–615. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.732138.

Gil de Zúñiga, H., Correa, T. and Valenzuela, S. (2012b) ‘Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), pp. 597–615. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.732138.

‘Happy 80th Birthday National Party - YouTube’ (no date). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MltDv8znwJ4&feature=youtu.be.

Harsgor, L. (2018) ‘The Partisan Gender Gap in the United States’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 82(2), pp. 231–251. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfy013.

Haselmayer, M. (2019) ‘Negative campaigning and its consequences: a review and a look ahead’, French Politics, 17(3), pp. 355–372. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-019-00084-8.

Haselmayer, M. and Jenny, M. (2018) ‘Negative campaigning among coalition partners’, Research & Politics, 5(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168018796911.

HEALY, A.J., PERSSON, M. and SNOWBERG, E. (2017) ‘Digging into the Pocketbook: Evidence on Economic Voting from Income Registry Data Matched to a Voter Survey’, American Political Science Review, 111(04), pp. 771–785. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000314.

Heath, A.F. et al. (2013) ‘Voting, Abstention, and Defection’, in The Political Integration of Ethnic Minorities in Britain. Oxford University Press, pp. 154–170. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656639.003.0008.

Holbrook, T.M. (2002) ‘Presidential Campaigns and the Knowledge Gap’, Political Communication, 19(4), pp. 437–454. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600290109997.

Huber, J.D. (2012) ‘Measuring Ethnic Voting: Do Proportional Electoral Laws Politicize Ethnicity?’, American Journal of Political Science, 56(4), pp. 986–1001. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x.

Hufer, AnkeKornadt, Anna ElenaKandler, ChristianRiemann, Rainer (no date) ‘Genetic and environmental variation in political orientation in adolescence and early adulthood: A Nuclear Twin Family analysis’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, pp. 373–387. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2249962459?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782.

Ian Budge (no date) ‘The standard left-right dimension’. Available at: https://manifestoproject.wzb.eu/down/papers/budge_right-left-scale.pdf.

‘Ian McAllister, ’Bandwagon, underdog, or projection? Opinion polls and electoral choice in Britain, 1979–1987’’ (no date). Available at: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2131577.

‘In Their Own Words: Political Practitioner Accounts of Candidates, Audience...’ (2018) Political Communication [Preprint]. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=127494968&site=ehost-live.

Inglehart, R. and Norris, P. (2003) ‘The Gender Gap in Voting and Public Opinion’, in Rising Tide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 75–100. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550362.005.

Jeffrey A. Karp, Susan A. Banducci and Shaun Bowler (2008) ‘Getting out the Vote: Party Mobilization in a Comparative Perspective’, British Journal of Political Science, 38(1), pp. 91–112. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27568334?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017a) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=410.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017b) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=381.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017c) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=397.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017d) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=79.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017e) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=211.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017f) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=236.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien (2017g) The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=236.

Karp, J.A. et al. (2002) ‘Strategic voting, party activity, and candidate effects: testing explanations for split voting in New Zealand’s new mixed system’, Electoral Studies, 21(1), pp. 1–22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(00)00031-7.

KAYSER, M.A. and PERESS, M. (2012) ‘Benchmarking across Borders: Electoral Accountability and the Necessity of Comparison’, American Political Science Review, 106(03), pp. 661–684. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000275.

Lago, I. et al. (2018) ‘Turnout and social fractionalisation’, Politics, 38(2), pp. 113–132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395716686598.

‘Leaders’ debate, 2002’ (no date). Available at: https://teara.govt.nz/en/video/35758/leaders-debate-2002.

LeDuc, L., Niemi, R.G. and Norris, P. (2010) Comparing democracies 3: elections and voting in the 21st century. [3rd ed.]. Los Angeles: SAGE.

LeDuc, L., Niemi, R.G. and Norris, P. (eds) (2014) ‘Comparing democracies 4: elections and voting in a changing world’, in. Los Angeles: SAGE. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5164463&ppg=113.

Llaudet, E. (2018) ‘The mobilizing and demobilizing effects of political TV ads: A midterm election study’, Electoral Studies, 54, pp. 226–236. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.06.002.

Lockhart, M. and Taylor & Francis (2018) President Donald Trump and his political discourse: ramifications of rhetoric via Twitter. New York, NY: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351038782.

Lupia, Arthur (no date) ‘Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections’, The American Political Science Review (1927); Washington, D.C., etc., 88(1). Available at: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1304796566?rfr_id=info:xri/sid:primo.

Manza, J. and Brooks, C. (1998) ‘The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When? Why? Implications?’, American Journal of Sociology, 103(5), pp. 1235–1266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/231352.

‘Mass Media Effects: Mobilization or Media Malaise? - 194239.pdf’ (no date). Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/194239.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A87eb49501b7ed74ad4b75057771d64be.

McCombs, M.E. and Ebooks Corporation (2014) Setting the agenda: the mass media and public opinion. Second edition. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=1631739.

‘Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy: Any Room for Good News? - Oxford Scholarship - oso-9780198793717-chapter-6’ (no date) in. Available at: https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198793717.001.0001/oso-9780198793717-chapter-6?print=pdf.

van der Meer, T.W.G., Hakhverdian, A. and Aaldering, L. (2016) ‘Off the Fence, Onto the Bandwagon? A Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Effect of Real-Life Poll Outcomes on Subsequent Vote Intentions’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 28(1), pp. 46–72. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edu041.

Mellon, J. et al. (2018) ‘Opening the Can of Worms: Most Existing Studies of Aggregate Level Turnout are Meaningless’, SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3098436.

‘Milazzo, Moser, Scheiner: Social Diversity Affects the Number of Parties: October 2015’ (no date). Available at: http://cpd.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Milazzo-Moser-Scheiner-Social-Diversity-Affects-the-Nbr-of-Ptys-for-UCB-October-2015-1.pdf.

MONDAK, J.J. et al. (2010) ‘Personality and Civic Engagement: An Integrative Framework for the Study of Trait Effects on Political Behavior’, American Political Science Review, 104(01), pp. 85–110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990359.

Mutz, D.C. (2018) ‘Status threat, not economic hardship, explains the 2016 presidential vote’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(19), pp. E4330–E4339. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718155115.

Norpoth, H., Sidman, A.H. and Suong, C.H. (2013) ‘The New Deal Realignment in Real Time’, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 43(1), pp. 146–166. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/psq.12007.

‘Partisan Bias in Message Selection: Media Gatekeeping of Party Press Releases - 10584609.2016.1265619’ (no date). Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2016.1265619?needAccess=true.

‘Partisan cues and the media: Information flows in the 1992 presidential election’ (no date), 92, pp. 111–126. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/214402856/fulltextPDF/661167E4770E43DEPQ/1?accountid=14782.

Peng, Y. (2018) ‘Same Candidates, Different Faces: Uncovering Media Bias in Visual Portrayals of Presidential Candidates with Computer Vision’, Journal of Communication, 68(5), pp. 920–941. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy041.

Powell, G.B. (2000) Elections as instruments of democracy: majoritarian and proportional visions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt32bwg8.

‘Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation: Competing Models and Contrasting Explanations: Jan E. Leighley, and Arnold Vedlitz, 1999’ (no date). Available at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2647555.

‘Report of the Inquiry into the 2015  British general  election opinion polls’ (no date). Available at: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/390588/1/Report_final_revised.pdf.

Representation: Edmund Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol (no date). Available at: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch13s7.html.

Richard Johnston,  Michael G. Hagen, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (2004) The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=266540.

Schumpeter, J.A. and Stiglitz, J.E. (2010) Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203857090.

Shaker, L. (2014) ‘Dead Newspapers and Citizens’ Civic Engagement’, Political Communication, 31(1), pp. 131–148. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2012.762817.

Sides, J., Tesler, M. and Vavreck, L. (2017) ‘How Trump Lost and Won’, Journal of Democracy, 28(2), pp. 34–44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2017.0022.

Skibba, R. (2016) ‘Pollsters struggle to explain failures of US presidential forecasts’, Nature, 539(7629), pp. 339–339. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20968.

SpringerLink (Online service) (2017) Political Communication in Britain: Polling, Campaigning and Media in the 2015 General Election. Edited by D. Wring, R. Mortimore, and S. Atkinson. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-40934-4.

‘“Superior to anything I had seen in the States”: the “Thatcherisation” of R...’ (2013) Journal of Transatlantic Studies (Springer Nature) [Preprint]. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99106528&site=ehost-live.

‘Technology Firms Shape Political Communication: The Work of Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, and Google With Campaigns During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Cycle - 10584609.2017.1364814’ (no date). Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2017.1364814?needAccess=true.

‘Television vs. YouTube: political advertising in the 2012 presidential election - 19331681.2018.1476280’ (no date). Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19331681.2018.1476280?needAccess=true.

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Vowles, J., Coffé, H. and Curtin, J. (2017a) A Bark But No Bite: Inequality and the 2014 New Zealand General Election. ANU Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22459/BBNB.08.2017.

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