[1]
Citizen politics : public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW.
[2]
J. Vowles, H. Coffé, and J. Curtin, A Bark But No Bite: Inequality and the 2014 New Zealand General Election. ANU Press, 2017. doi: 10.22459/BBNB.08.2017.
[3]
The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion, 1st ed. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/detail.action?docID=5207628
[4]
J. A. Schumpeter and J. E. Stiglitz, Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London: Routledge, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203857090
[5]
R. J. Dalton, Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies, Seventh edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2020.
[6]
G. B. Powell, Elections as instruments of democracy: majoritarian and proportional visions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt32bwg8
[7]
J. Adams, Party competition and responsible party government: a theory of spatial competition based upon insights from behavioral voting research. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.23030
[8]
‘Can Populism Be Defended? William Riker, Gerry Mackie and the Interpretation of Democracy - 44483157.pdf’, [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44483157.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:0645628957f2ed2e8910a0aa956c00a6
[9]
‘Representation: Edmund Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol’. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch13s7.html
[10]
Citizen politics : public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW.
[11]
‘The Irrational Electorate. By: Bartels, Larry M., Wilson Quarterly, 03633276, Autumn2008, Vol. 32, Issue 4’, [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=31h&AN=34718834&site=ehost-live
[12]
Lupia, Arthur, ‘Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections’, The American Political Science Review (1927); Washington, D.C., etc., vol. 88, no. 1, [Online]. Available: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1304796566?rfr_id=info:xri/sid:primo
[13]
P. E. Converse, ‘The nature of belief systems in mass publics (1964)’, Critical Review, vol. 18, no. 1–3, pp. 1–74, Jan. 2006, doi: 10.1080/08913810608443650.
[14]
J. R. Zaller, ‘Monica Lewinsky’s Contribution to Political Science’, PS: Political Science and Politics, vol. 31, no. 2, Jun. 1998, doi: 10.2307/420248.
[15]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=410
[16]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=381
[17]
J. Zaller and S. Feldman, ‘A Simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences’, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 36, no. 3, Aug. 1992, doi: 10.2307/2111583.
[18]
J. Vowles, ‘Did the Polls Influence the Vote? a Case Study of the 1999 New Zealand General Election’, Political Science, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 67–77, Jun. 2002, doi: 10.1177/003231870205400106.
[19]
R. Skibba, ‘Pollsters struggle to explain failures of US presidential forecasts’, Nature, vol. 539, no. 7629, pp. 339–339, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20968.
[20]
‘Report of the Inquiry into the 2015 British general election opinion polls’. [Online]. Available: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/390588/1/Report_final_revised.pdf
[21]
SpringerLink (Online service), Political Communication in Britain: Polling, Campaigning and Media in the 2015 General Election. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-40934-4
[22]
T. W. G. van der Meer, A. Hakhverdian, and L. Aaldering, ‘Off the Fence, Onto the Bandwagon? A Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Effect of Real-Life Poll Outcomes on Subsequent Vote Intentions’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 46–72, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1093/ijpor/edu041.
[23]
Wright, Fred Andrew, ‘How Surprising Was Trump’s Victory? Notes on Predictions in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election’, [Online]. Available: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers2.cfm?abstract_id=2900394
[24]
‘Do Polls Influence the Vote?’, [Online]. Available: https://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472099213-ch11.pdf
[25]
‘Ian McAllister, ’Bandwagon, underdog, or projection? Opinion polls and electoral choice in Britain, 1979–1987’’, [Online]. Available: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2131577
[26]
‘The Freedom to Publish Opinion Poll Results, 2012’. [Online]. Available: https://wapor.org/wp-content/uploads/WAPOR_FTP_2012.pdf
[27]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=397
[28]
R. J. Dalton, Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies, Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2014.
[29]
Jeffrey A. Karp, Susan A. Banducci and Shaun Bowler, ‘Getting out the Vote: Party Mobilization in a Comparative Perspective’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 91–112, 2008, [Online]. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27568334?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
[30]
J. Vowles, G. Katz, and D. Stevens, ‘Electoral Competitiveness and Turnout in British Elections, 1964–2010’, Political Science Research and Methods, vol. 5, no. 04, pp. 775–794, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1017/psrm.2015.67.
[31]
J. Mellon, G. Evans, E. A. Fieldhouse, J. Green, and C. mname Prosser, ‘Opening the Can of Worms: Most Existing Studies of Aggregate Level Turnout are Meaningless’, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3098436.
[32]
J. Vowles, H. Coffé, and J. Curtin, A Bark But No Bite: Inequality and the 2014 New Zealand General Election. ANU Press, 2017. doi: 10.22459/BBNB.08.2017.
[33]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=79
[34]
R. J. Dalton, ‘Economics, environmentalism and party alignments: A note on partisan change in advanced industrial democracies’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 161–175, Mar. 2009, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00831.x.
[35]
R. J. Dalton, Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies, Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2014.
[36]
D. C. Mutz, ‘Status threat, not economic hardship, explains the 2016 presidential vote’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 115, no. 19, pp. E4330–E4339, May 2018, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718155115.
[37]
S. Bornschier, ‘The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe’, West European Politics, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 419–444, May 2010, doi: 10.1080/01402381003654387.
[38]
Gibbons, Matthew, ‘New Zealand Political Parties’ Policies’, New Zealand Sociology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 41–67, [Online]. Available: https://tewaharoa.victoria.ac.nz/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_proquest874476805&context=PC&vid=VUWNUI〈=en_US&search_scope=64VUW_ALL&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=all&query=any,contains,party%20policies%20in%20new%20zealand%20politics&sortby=rank&offset=0
[39]
Ian Budge, ‘The standard left-right dimension’. [Online]. Available: https://manifestoproject.wzb.eu/down/papers/budge_right-left-scale.pdf
[40]
J. Sides, M. Tesler, and L. Vavreck, ‘How Trump Lost and Won’, Journal of Democracy, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 34–44, 2017, doi: 10.1353/jod.2017.0022.
[41]
R. J. Dalton, Citizen politics: public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies, Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2014.
[42]
C. Brooks, P. Nieuwbeerta, and J. Manza, ‘Cleavage-based voting behavior in cross-national perspective: evidence from six postwar democracies’, Social Science Research, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 88–128, Mar. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.06.005.
[43]
P. Achterberg, ‘Class Voting in the New Political Culture’, International Sociology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 237–261, Mar. 2006, doi: 10.1177/0268580906061378.
[44]
Evans, Geoffrey and Tilley, James, ‘How Parties Shape Class Politics: Explaining the Decline of the Class Basis of Party Support’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 137–161, [Online]. Available: http://search.proquest.com/docview/907179060?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782
[45]
J. Vowles, H. Coffé, and J. Curtin, A Bark But No Bite: Inequality and the 2014 New Zealand General Election. ANU Press, 2017. doi: 10.22459/BBNB.08.2017.
[46]
J. van der Waal, P. Achterberg, and D. Houtman, ‘Class Is Not Dead—It Has Been Buried Alive: Class Voting and Cultural Voting in Postwar Western Societies (1956–1990)’, Politics & Society, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 403–426, Sep. 2007, doi: 10.1177/0032329207304314.
[47]
‘Milazzo, Moser, Scheiner: Social Diversity Affects the Number of Parties: October 2015’. [Online]. Available: http://cpd.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Milazzo-Moser-Scheiner-Social-Diversity-Affects-the-Nbr-of-Ptys-for-UCB-October-2015-1.pdf
[48]
‘Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation: Competing Models and Contrasting Explanations: Jan E. Leighley, and Arnold Vedlitz, 1999’, [Online]. Available: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2647555
[49]
J. D. Huber, ‘Measuring Ethnic Voting: Do Proportional Electoral Laws Politicize Ethnicity?’, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 986–1001, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x.
[50]
S. D. Fisher, A. F. Heath, D. Sanders, and M. Sobolewska, ‘Candidate Ethnicity and Vote Choice in Britain’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 45, no. 04, pp. 883–905, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1017/S0007123413000562.
[51]
I. Lago, S. Bermúdez, M. Guinjoan, and P. Simón, ‘Turnout and social fractionalisation’, Politics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 113–132, May 2018, doi: 10.1177/0263395716686598.
[52]
A. F. Heath, S. D. Fisher, G. Rosenblatt, D. Sanders, and M. Sobolewska, ‘Voting, Abstention, and Defection’, in The Political Integration of Ethnic Minorities in Britain, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 154–170. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656639.003.0008.
[53]
C. H. Achen, L. M. Bartels, and Ebooks Corporation, Democracy for realists: why elections do not produce responsive government, vol. Princeton studies in political behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=4398651
[54]
‘The Global Economy, Competency, and the Economic Vote.’, Journal of Politics, 2010, [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bah&AN=47394180&site=ehost-live
[55]
C. J. Anderson, ‘The End of Economic Voting? Contingency Dilemmas and the Limits of Democratic Accountability’, Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 271–296, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.050806.155344.
[56]
A. J. HEALY, M. PERSSON, and E. SNOWBERG, ‘Digging into the Pocketbook: Evidence on Economic Voting from Income Registry Data Matched to a Voter Survey’, American Political Science Review, vol. 111, no. 04, pp. 771–785, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1017/S0003055417000314.
[57]
M. A. KAYSER and M. PERESS, ‘Benchmarking across Borders: Electoral Accountability and the Necessity of Comparison’, American Political Science Review, vol. 106, no. 03, pp. 661–684, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.1017/S0003055412000275.
[58]
Edited by Russell J. Dalton and Hans‐Dieter Klingemann, ‘Economic Models of Voting’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, [Online]. Available: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199270125-e-027
[59]
‘Economic Voting - Political Science - Oxford Bibliographies’. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0057.xml
[60]
L. LeDuc, R. G. Niemi, and P. Norris, Comparing democracies 3: elections and voting in the 21st century, [3rd ed.]. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2010.
[61]
L. LeDuc, R. G. Niemi, and P. Norris, Eds., ‘Comparing democracies 4: elections and voting in a changing world’, Los Angeles: SAGE, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5164463&ppg=113
[62]
Citizen politics : public opinion and political parties in advanced industrial democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW.
[63]
The Politics of Advanced Capitalism edited by Pablo Beramendi. [Online]. Available: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-politics-of-advanced-capitalism/7DDFD56C784EEB3C284098D05BACF104
[64]
‘The UK’s changing party system: The prospects for a party realignment at Westminster’. [Online]. Available: https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/David%20Sanders.pdf
[65]
‘A Theory of Critical Elections: V.O. Key 1955’, [Online]. Available: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2126401
[66]
H. Norpoth, A. H. Sidman, and C. H. Suong, ‘The New Deal Realignment in Real Time’, Presidential Studies Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 146–166, Mar. 2013, doi: 10.1111/psq.12007.
[67]
‘Why It Is Hard to Find Genes Associated With Social Science Traits: Theoret...’, American Journal of Public Health, 2013, [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104222568&site=ehost-live
[68]
E. CHARNEY and W. ENGLISH, ‘Candidate Genes and Political Behavior’, American Political Science Review, vol. 106, no. 01, pp. 1–34, Feb. 2012, doi: 10.1017/S0003055411000554.
[69]
J. J. MONDAK, M. V. HIBBING, D. CANACHE, M. A. SELIGSON, and M. R. ANDERSON, ‘Personality and Civic Engagement: An Integrative Framework for the Study of Trait Effects on Political Behavior’, American Political Science Review, vol. 104, no. 01, pp. 85–110, Feb. 2010, doi: 10.1017/S0003055409990359.
[70]
Hufer, AnkeKornadt, Anna ElenaKandler, ChristianRiemann, Rainer, ‘Genetic and environmental variation in political orientation in adolescence and early adulthood: A Nuclear Twin Family analysis’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, pp. 373–387, [Online]. Available: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2249962459?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782
[71]
S. Abendschon and S. Steinmetz, ‘The Gender Gap in Voting Revisited: Women’s Party Preferences in a European Context’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 315–344, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1093/sp/jxu009.
[72]
‘Gender, populist attitudes, and voting: explaining the gender gap in voting for populist radical right and populist radical left parties - 01402382.2017.1287448’, [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402382.2017.1287448?needAccess=true
[73]
J. Manza and C. Brooks, ‘The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When? Why? Implications?’, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 1235–1266, Mar. 1998, doi: 10.1086/231352.
[74]
C. L. Brians, ‘Women for Women?’, American Politics Research, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 357–375, May 2005, doi: 10.1177/1532673X04269415.
[75]
R. Campbell and S. Erzeel, ‘Exploring Gender Differences in Support for Rightist Parties: The Role of Party and Gender Ideology’, Politics & Gender, vol. 14, no. 01, pp. 80–105, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1017/S1743923X17000599.
[76]
L. Harsgor, ‘The Partisan Gender Gap in the United States’, Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 231–251, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1093/poq/nfy013.
[77]
R. Inglehart and P. Norris, ‘The Gender Gap in Voting and Public Opinion’, in Rising Tide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 75–100. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511550362.005.
[78]
P. Emmenegger and P. Manow, ‘Religion and the Gender Vote Gap’, Politics & Society, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 166–193, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1177/0032329213519419.
[79]
J. A. Karp, J. Vowles, S. A. Banducci, and T. Donovan, ‘Strategic voting, party activity, and candidate effects: testing explanations for split voting in New Zealand’s new mixed system’, Electoral Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–22, Mar. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0261-3794(00)00031-7.
[80]
P. R. Abramson et al., ‘Comparing Strategic Voting Under FPTP and PR’, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 61–90, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1177/0010414009341717.
[81]
R. J. Dalton and C. J. Anderson, Citizens, Context, and Choice. Oxford University Press, 2010. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599233.001.0001.
[82]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=211
[83]
‘Partisan Bias in Message Selection: Media Gatekeeping of Party Press Releases - 10584609.2016.1265619’, [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2016.1265619?needAccess=true
[84]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=236
[85]
‘Distorting the News? The Mechanisms of Partisan Media Bias and Its Effects on News Production - s11109-019-09551-y.pdf’. [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11109-019-09551-y.pdf
[86]
H. Gil de Zúñiga, T. Correa, and S. Valenzuela, ‘Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 597–615, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1080/08838151.2012.732138.
[87]
Y. Peng, ‘Same Candidates, Different Faces: Uncovering Media Bias in Visual Portrayals of Presidential Candidates with Computer Vision’, Journal of Communication, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 920–941, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1093/joc/jqy041.
[88]
Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, ‘The Media Agenda: Who (or What) Sets It?’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-37
[89]
Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, ‘Theories of Media Bias’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-44
[90]
‘Building Consensus: The News Media’ s Agenda-Setting Roles - 105846097199236’, [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/105846097199236?needAccess=true
[91]
R. M. Entman, ‘Framing U.S. Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents’, Journal of Communication, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 6–27, Dec. 1991, doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x.
[92]
J. N. Druckman, ‘Priming the Vote: Campaign Effects in a U.S. Senate Election’, Political Psychology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 577–594, Aug. 2004, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00388.x.
[93]
M. E. McCombs and Ebooks Corporation, Setting the agenda: the mass media and public opinion, Second edition. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=1631739
[94]
H. Gil de Zúñiga, T. Correa, and S. Valenzuela, ‘Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 597–615, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1080/08838151.2012.732138.
[95]
H. Brandenburg and M. Van Egmond, ‘Pressed into Party Support? Media Influence on Partisan Attitudes during the 2005 UK General Election Campaign’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 42, no. 02, pp. 441–463, Apr. 2012, doi: 10.1017/S0007123411000445.
[96]
Richard Johnston, Michael G. Hagen, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics. Cambridge University Press, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=266540
[97]
‘Mass Media Effects: Mobilization or Media Malaise? - 194239.pdf’, [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/194239.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A87eb49501b7ed74ad4b75057771d64be
[98]
J. Curran et al., ‘Reconsidering “virtuous circle” and “media malaise” theories of the media: An 11-nation study’, Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 815–833, Oct. 2014, doi: 10.1177/1464884913520198.
[99]
‘Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy: Any Room for Good News? - Oxford Scholarship - oso-9780198793717-chapter-6’, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198793717.001.0001/oso-9780198793717-chapter-6?print=pdf
[100]
L. Shaker, ‘Dead Newspapers and Citizens’ Civic Engagement’, Political Communication, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 131–148, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1080/10584609.2012.762817.
[101]
‘Basic Content Analysis - Oxford Scholarship - acprof-9780190215491-chapter-2’, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001/acprof-9780190215491-chapter-2?print=pdf
[102]
‘Partisan cues and the media: Information flows in the 1992 presidential election’, vol. 92, pp. 111–126, [Online]. Available: https://search.proquest.com/docview/214402856/fulltextPDF/661167E4770E43DEPQ/1?accountid=14782
[103]
A. Dobrzynska, ‘Do the Media Have a Direct Impact on the Vote? The Case of the 1997 Canadian Election’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 27–43, Mar. 2003, doi: 10.1093/ijpor/15.1.27.
[104]
R. Gibson and A. Römmele, ‘Changing Campaign Communications: A Party-Centered Theory of Professionalized Campaigning’, Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 31–43, Sep. 2001, doi: 10.1177/108118001129172323.
[105]
Justin Fisher, , Edward Fieldhouse, , Mark N. Franklin, , Rachel Gibson, , Marta Cantijoch, , and Christopher Wlezien, The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=236
[106]
J. Xifra, ‘Americanization, Globalization, or Modernization of Electoral Campaigns? Testing the Situation in Spain’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 667–682, Jun. 2011, doi: 10.1177/0002764211398086.
[107]
R. Vliegenthart, ‘The Professionalization of Political Communication? A Longitudinal Analysis of Dutch Election Campaign Posters’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 135–150, Feb. 2012, doi: 10.1177/0002764211419488.
[108]
R. K. Gibson and A. Römmele, ‘Measuring the Professionalization of Political Campaigning’, Party Politics, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 265–293, May 2009, doi: 10.1177/1354068809102245.
[109]
J. Tenscher, J. Mykkänen, and T. Moring, ‘Modes of Professional Campaigning’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 145–168, Apr. 2012, doi: 10.1177/1940161211433839.
[110]
‘“Superior to anything I had seen in the States”: the “Thatcherisation” of R...’, Journal of Transatlantic Studies (Springer Nature), 2013, [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99106528&site=ehost-live
[111]
‘The Power of Television Images: The First Kennedy-Nixon Debate Revisited - 1468-2508.t01-1-00015.pdf’, [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1111/1468-2508.t01-1-00015.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:7459572f260b24fbc49803b88c24b8a3
[112]
‘Effects of presidential debate watching and ideology on attitudes and knowledge’, vol. 34, pp. 163–172, [Online]. Available: https://search.proquest.com/docview/203263700/fulltextPDF/9A1DC6916E0B4527PQ/1?accountid=14782
[113]
K. Winneg and K. H. Jamieson, ‘Learning From the 2016 U.S. General Election Presidential Debates’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 362–378, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1177/0002764217702770.
[114]
A. Blais, E. Gidengil, R. Nadeau, and N. Nevitte, ‘Campaign Dynamics in the 2000 Canadian Election: How the Leader Debates Salvaged the Conservative Party’, Political Science and Politics, vol. 36, no. 01, pp. 45–50, Jan. 2003, doi: 10.1017/S1049096503001677.
[115]
‘Leaders’ debate, 2002’, [Online]. Available: https://teara.govt.nz/en/video/35758/leaders-debate-2002
[116]
T. M. Holbrook, ‘Presidential Campaigns and the Knowledge Gap’, Political Communication, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 437–454, Oct. 2002, doi: 10.1080/10584600290109997.
[117]
J. Vowles, Voters’ veto: the 2002 election in New Zealand and the consolidation of minority government. Auckland, N.Z.: Auckland University Press, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=1563885
[118]
Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, ‘Political Campaign Debates’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-007
[119]
E. Llaudet, ‘The mobilizing and demobilizing effects of political TV ads: A midterm election study’, Electoral Studies, vol. 54, pp. 226–236, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2018.06.002.
[120]
‘Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate? - 2082710.pdf’, [Online]. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2082710.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:e548bd20b3f827e841623fe145b7adbf
[121]
‘Television vs. YouTube: political advertising in the 2012 presidential election - 19331681.2018.1476280’, [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19331681.2018.1476280?needAccess=true
[122]
Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, ‘Political Advertising’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-004
[123]
C. M. Dowling and Y. Krupnikov, ‘The Effects of Negative Advertising’, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, Oxford University Press, 2016. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.51.
[124]
T. Flanagan, Winning power: Canadian campaigning in the twenty-first century. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=3332673
[125]
M. Haselmayer and M. Jenny, ‘Negative campaigning among coalition partners’, Research & Politics, vol. 5, no. 3, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1177/2053168018796911.
[126]
M. Haselmayer, ‘Negative campaigning and its consequences: a review and a look ahead’, French Politics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 355–372, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1057/s41253-019-00084-8.
[127]
‘Technology Firms Shape Political Communication: The Work of Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, and Google With Campaigns During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Cycle - 10584609.2017.1364814’, [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2017.1364814?needAccess=true
[128]
‘In Their Own Words: Political Practitioner Accounts of Candidates, Audience...’, Political Communication, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=127494968&site=ehost-live
[129]
G. Enli, ‘Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election’, European Journal of Communication, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 50–61, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1177/0267323116682802.
[130]
Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, ‘Broadcasting versus Narrowcasting: Do Mass Media Exist in the Twenty-First Century?’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, [Online]. Available: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-62
[131]
B. Bahador, G. Kemp, K. McMillan, and C. Rudd, Eds., ‘Politics and the media’, Second edition., Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press, 2016.
[132]
‘Crooked Hillary and Dumb Trump’. [Online]. Available: https://benjamins.com/catalog/ip.00004.hof/fulltext/ip.00004.hof.pdf
[133]
B. A. Conway, K. Kenski, and D. Wang, ‘The Rise of Twitter in the Political Campaign: Searching for Intermedia Agenda-Setting Effects in the Presidential Primary’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 363–380, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1111/jcc4.12124.
[134]
‘The West Australian 16 Oct 2019’, 16AD, [Online]. Available: https://www.pressreader.com/australia/the-west-australian/20191016/283089890915773/textview
[135]
‘Happy 80th Birthday National Party - YouTube’. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MltDv8znwJ4&feature=youtu.be
[136]
M. Lockhart and Taylor & Francis, President Donald Trump and his political discourse: ramifications of rhetoric via Twitter. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351038782
