Bibliography for POLS232 BETA

‘A Theory of Critical Elections: V.O. Key 1955’, n.d. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2126401.

Abendschon, S., and S. Steinmetz. ‘The Gender Gap in Voting Revisited: Women’s Party Preferences in a European Context’. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 21, no. 2 (1 June 2014): 315–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxu009.

Abramson, Paul R., John H. Aldrich, André Blais, Matthew Diamond, Abraham Diskin, Indridi H. Indridason, Daniel J. Lee, and Renan Levine. ‘Comparing Strategic Voting Under FPTP and PR’. Comparative Political Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2010): 61–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009341717.

Achen, Christopher H., Larry M. Bartels, and Ebooks Corporation. Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Vol. Princeton studies in political behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=4398651.

Achterberg, Peter. ‘Class Voting in the New Political Culture’. International Sociology 21, no. 2 (March 2006): 237–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580906061378.

Adams, James. Party Competition and Responsible Party Government: A Theory of Spatial Competition Based upon Insights from Behavioral Voting Research. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, n.d. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.23030.

Anderson, Christopher J. ‘The End of Economic Voting? Contingency Dilemmas and the Limits of Democratic Accountability’. Annual Review of Political Science 10, no. 1 (June 2007): 271–96. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.050806.155344.

Bahador, Babak, Geoff Kemp, Kate McMillan, and Chris Rudd, eds. ‘Politics and the Media’, Second edition. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press, 2016.

‘Basic Content Analysis - Oxford Scholarship - Acprof-9780190215491-Chapter-2’, n.d. https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215491.001.0001/acprof-9780190215491-chapter-2?print=pdf.

Blais, André, Elisabeth Gidengil, Richard Nadeau, and Neil Nevitte. ‘Campaign Dynamics in the 2000 Canadian Election: How the Leader Debates Salvaged the Conservative Party’. Political Science and Politics 36, no. 01 (January 2003): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096503001677.

Bornschier, Simon. ‘The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe’. West European Politics 33, no. 3 (May 2010): 419–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402381003654387.

Brandenburg, Heinz, and Marcel Van Egmond. ‘Pressed into Party Support? Media Influence on Partisan Attitudes during the 2005 UK General Election Campaign’. British Journal of Political Science 42, no. 02 (April 2012): 441–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123411000445.

Brians, Craig Leonard. ‘Women for Women?’ American Politics Research 33, no. 3 (May 2005): 357–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X04269415.

Brooks, Clem, Paul Nieuwbeerta, and Jeff Manza. ‘Cleavage-Based Voting Behavior in Cross-National Perspective: Evidence from Six Postwar Democracies’. Social Science Research 35, no. 1 (March 2006): 88–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.06.005.

‘Building Consensus: The News Media’ s Agenda-Setting Roles - 105846097199236’, n.d. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/105846097199236?needAccess=true.

Campbell, Rosie, and Silvia Erzeel. ‘Exploring Gender Differences in Support for Rightist Parties: The Role of Party and Gender Ideology’. Politics & Gender 14, no. 01 (March 2018): 80–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X17000599.

‘Can Populism Be Defended? William Riker, Gerry Mackie and the Interpretation of Democracy - 44483157.Pdf’, n.d. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44483157.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:0645628957f2ed2e8910a0aa956c00a6.

CHARNEY, EVAN, and WILLIAM ENGLISH. ‘Candidate Genes and Political Behavior’. American Political Science Review 106, no. 01 (February 2012): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000554.

Citizen Politics : Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW, n.d.

Citizen Politics : Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW, n.d.

Citizen Politics : Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies / Russell J. Dalton, University of California, Irvine. - 64VUW, n.d.

Converse, Philip E. ‘The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics (1964)’. Critical Review 18, no. 1–3 (January 2006): 1–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913810608443650.

Conway, Bethany A., Kate Kenski, and Di Wang. ‘The Rise of Twitter in the Political Campaign: Searching for Intermedia Agenda-Setting Effects in the Presidential Primary’. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20, no. 4 (July 2015): 363–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12124.

‘Crooked Hillary and Dumb Trump’, n.d. https://benjamins.com/catalog/ip.00004.hof/fulltext/ip.00004.hof.pdf.

Curran, James, Sharon Coen, Stuart Soroka, Toril Aalberg, Kaori Hayashi, Zira Hichy, Shanto Iyengar, et al. ‘Reconsidering “Virtuous Circle” and “Media Malaise” Theories of the Media: An 11-Nation Study’. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 15, no. 7 (October 2014): 815–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913520198.

Dalton, Russell J. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2014.

———. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2014.

———. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Sixth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2014.

———. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Chapter 11: Political Representation. Seventh edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, CQ Press, 2020.

———. ‘Economics, Environmentalism and Party Alignments: A Note on Partisan Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies’. European Journal of Political Research 48, no. 2 (March 2009): 161–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00831.x.

Dalton, Russell J., and Christopher J. Anderson. Citizens, Context, and Choice. Oxford University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599233.001.0001.

‘Distorting the News? The Mechanisms of Partisan Media Bias and Its Effects on News Production - S11109-019-09551-y.Pdf’, n.d. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11109-019-09551-y.pdf.

‘Do Polls Influence the Vote?’, n.d. https://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472099213-ch11.pdf.

Dobrzynska, A. ‘Do the Media Have a Direct Impact on the Vote? The Case of the 1997 Canadian Election’. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 15, no. 1 (1 March 2003): 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/15.1.27.

‘Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate? - 2082710.Pdf’, n.d. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2082710.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:e548bd20b3f827e841623fe145b7adbf.

Dowling, Conor M., and Yanna Krupnikov. ‘The Effects of Negative Advertising’. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.51.

Druckman, James N. ‘Priming the Vote: Campaign Effects in a U.S. Senate Election’. Political Psychology 25, no. 4 (August 2004): 577–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00388.x.

‘Economic Voting - Political Science - Oxford Bibliographies’, n.d. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0057.xml.

Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. ‘Broadcasting versus Narrowcasting: Do Mass Media Exist in the Twenty-First Century?’ In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, n.d. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-62.

———. ‘Political Advertising’. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, n.d. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-004.

———. ‘Political Campaign Debates’. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, n.d. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-007.

———. ‘The Media Agenda: Who (or What) Sets It?’ In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, n.d. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-37.

———. ‘Theories of Media Bias’. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, n.d. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-44.

Edited by Russell J. Dalton and Hans‐Dieter Klingemann. ‘Economic Models of Voting’. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, n.d. http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199270125-e-027.

‘Effects of Presidential Debate Watching and Ideology on Attitudes and Knowledge’ 34 (n.d.): 163–72. https://search.proquest.com/docview/203263700/fulltextPDF/9A1DC6916E0B4527PQ/1?accountid=14782.

Emmenegger, Patrick, and Philip Manow. ‘Religion and the Gender Vote Gap’. Politics & Society 42, no. 2 (June 2014): 166–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329213519419.

Enli, Gunn. ‘Twitter as Arena for the Authentic Outsider: Exploring the Social Media Campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US Presidential Election’. European Journal of Communication 32, no. 1 (February 2017): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802.

Entman, Robert M. ‘Framing U.S. Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents’. Journal of Communication 41, no. 4 (1 December 1991): 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x.

Evans, Geoffrey and Tilley, James. ‘How Parties Shape Class Politics: Explaining the Decline of the Class Basis of Party Support’. British Journal of Political Science 42, no. 1 (n.d.): 137–61. http://search.proquest.com/docview/907179060?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782.

Fisher, Stephen D., Anthony F. Heath, David Sanders, and Maria Sobolewska. ‘Candidate Ethnicity and Vote Choice in Britain’. British Journal of Political Science 45, no. 04 (October 2015): 883–905. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123413000562.

Flanagan, Tom. Winning Power: Canadian Campaigning in the Twenty-First Century. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=3332673.

‘Gender, Populist Attitudes, and Voting: Explaining the Gender Gap in Voting for Populist Radical Right and Populist Radical Left Parties - 01402382.2017.1287448’, n.d. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402382.2017.1287448?needAccess=true.

Gibbons, Matthew. ‘New Zealand Political Parties’ Policies’. New Zealand Sociology 26, no. 1 (n.d.): 41–67. https://tewaharoa.victoria.ac.nz/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_proquest874476805&context=PC&vid=VUWNUI〈=en_US&search_scope=64VUW_ALL&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=all&query=any,contains,party%20policies%20in%20new%20zealand%20politics&sortby=rank&offset=0.

Gibson, Rachel K., and Andrea Römmele. ‘Measuring the Professionalization of Political Campaigning’. Party Politics 15, no. 3 (May 2009): 265–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068809102245.

Gibson, Rachel, and Andrea Römmele. ‘Changing Campaign Communications: A Party-Centered Theory of Professionalized Campaigning’. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 6, no. 4 (September 2001): 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/108118001129172323.

Gil de Zúñiga, Homero, Teresa Correa, and Sebastian Valenzuela. ‘Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants’. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 56, no. 4 (October 2012): 597–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.732138.

———. ‘Selective Exposure to Cable News and Immigration in the U.S.: The Relationship Between FOX News, CNN, and Attitudes Toward Mexican Immigrants’. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 56, no. 4 (October 2012): 597–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.732138.

‘Happy 80th Birthday National Party - YouTube’, n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MltDv8znwJ4&feature=youtu.be.

Harsgor, Liran. ‘The Partisan Gender Gap in the United States’. Public Opinion Quarterly 82, no. 2 (26 June 2018): 231–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfy013.

Haselmayer, Martin. ‘Negative Campaigning and Its Consequences: A Review and a Look Ahead’. French Politics 17, no. 3 (September 2019): 355–72. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-019-00084-8.

Haselmayer, Martin, and Marcelo Jenny. ‘Negative Campaigning among Coalition Partners’. Research & Politics 5, no. 3 (July 2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168018796911.

HEALY, ANDREW J., MIKAEL PERSSON, and ERIK SNOWBERG. ‘Digging into the Pocketbook: Evidence on Economic Voting from Income Registry Data Matched to a Voter Survey’. American Political Science Review 111, no. 04 (November 2017): 771–85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000314.

Heath, Anthony F., Stephen D. Fisher, Gemma Rosenblatt, David Sanders, and Maria Sobolewska. ‘Voting, Abstention, and Defection’. In The Political Integration of Ethnic Minorities in Britain, 154–70. Oxford University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656639.003.0008.

Holbrook, Thomas M. ‘Presidential Campaigns and the Knowledge Gap’. Political Communication 19, no. 4 (October 2002): 437–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600290109997.

Huber, John D. ‘Measuring Ethnic Voting: Do Proportional Electoral Laws Politicize Ethnicity?’ American Journal of Political Science 56, no. 4 (October 2012): 986–1001. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x.

Hufer, AnkeKornadt, Anna ElenaKandler, ChristianRiemann, Rainer. ‘Genetic and Environmental Variation in Political Orientation in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Nuclear Twin Family Analysis’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, n.d., 373–87. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2249962459?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=14782.

Ian Budge. ‘The Standard Left-Right Dimension’, n.d. https://manifestoproject.wzb.eu/down/papers/budge_right-left-scale.pdf.

‘Ian McAllister, ’Bandwagon, Underdog, or Projection? Opinion Polls and Electoral Choice in Britain, 1979–1987’’, n.d. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2131577.

‘In Their Own Words: Political Practitioner Accounts of Candidates, Audience...’ Political Communication, 2018. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=127494968&site=ehost-live.

Inglehart, Ronald, and Pippa Norris. ‘The Gender Gap in Voting and Public Opinion’. In Rising Tide, 75–100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550362.005.

Jeffrey A. Karp, Susan A. Banducci and Shaun Bowler. ‘Getting out the Vote: Party Mobilization in a Comparative Perspective’. British Journal of Political Science 38, no. 1 (2008): 91–112. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27568334?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Justin Fisher, ,  Edward Fieldhouse, ,  Mark N. Franklin, ,  Rachel Gibson, ,  Marta Cantijoch, , and  Christopher Wlezien. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=410.

———. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=381.

———. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=397.

———. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/VUW/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=79.

———. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=211.

———. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=236.

———. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion. Routledge, 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5207628&ppg=236.

Karp, Jeffrey A., Jack Vowles, Susan A. Banducci, and Todd Donovan. ‘Strategic Voting, Party Activity, and Candidate Effects: Testing Explanations for Split Voting in New Zealand’s New Mixed System’. Electoral Studies 21, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(00)00031-7.

KAYSER, MARK ANDREAS, and MICHAEL PERESS. ‘Benchmarking across Borders: Electoral Accountability and the Necessity of Comparison’. American Political Science Review 106, no. 03 (August 2012): 661–84. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000275.

Lago, Ignacio, Sandra Bermúdez, Marc Guinjoan, and Pablo Simón. ‘Turnout and Social Fractionalisation’. Politics 38, no. 2 (May 2018): 113–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395716686598.

‘Leaders’ Debate, 2002’, n.d. https://teara.govt.nz/en/video/35758/leaders-debate-2002.

LeDuc, Lawrence, Richard G. Niemi, and Pippa Norris. Comparing Democracies 3: Elections and Voting in the 21st Century. [3rd ed.]. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2010.

———, eds. ‘Comparing Democracies 4: Elections and Voting in a Changing World’. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/reader.action?docID=5164463&ppg=113.

Llaudet, Elena. ‘The Mobilizing and Demobilizing Effects of Political TV Ads: A Midterm Election Study’. Electoral Studies 54 (August 2018): 226–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.06.002.

Lockhart, Michele and Taylor & Francis. President Donald Trump and His Political Discourse: Ramifications of Rhetoric via Twitter. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351038782.

Lupia, Arthur. ‘Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections’. The American Political Science Review (1927); Washington, D.C., Etc. 88, no. 1 (n.d.). http://search.proquest.com/docview/1304796566?rfr_id=info:xri/sid:primo.

Manza, Jeff, and Clem Brooks. ‘The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When? Why? Implications?’ American Journal of Sociology 103, no. 5 (March 1998): 1235–66. https://doi.org/10.1086/231352.

‘Mass Media Effects: Mobilization or Media Malaise? - 194239.Pdf’, n.d. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/194239.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A87eb49501b7ed74ad4b75057771d64be.

McCombs, Maxwell E. and Ebooks Corporation. Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Second edition. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=1631739.

‘Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy: Any Room for Good News? - Oxford Scholarship - Oso-9780198793717-Chapter-6’, n.d. https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198793717.001.0001/oso-9780198793717-chapter-6?print=pdf.

Meer, Tom W. G. van der, Armen Hakhverdian, and Loes Aaldering. ‘Off the Fence, Onto the Bandwagon? A Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Effect of Real-Life Poll Outcomes on Subsequent Vote Intentions’. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 28, no. 1 (March 2016): 46–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edu041.

Mellon, Jonathan, Geoffrey Evans, Edward A. Fieldhouse, Jane Green, and Christopher mname Prosser. ‘Opening the Can of Worms: Most Existing Studies of Aggregate Level Turnout Are Meaningless’. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3098436.

‘Milazzo, Moser, Scheiner: Social Diversity Affects the Number of Parties: October 2015’, n.d. http://cpd.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Milazzo-Moser-Scheiner-Social-Diversity-Affects-the-Nbr-of-Ptys-for-UCB-October-2015-1.pdf.

MONDAK, JEFFERY J., MATTHEW V. HIBBING, DAMARYS CANACHE, MITCHELL A. SELIGSON, and MARY R. ANDERSON. ‘Personality and Civic Engagement: An Integrative Framework for the Study of Trait Effects on Political Behavior’. American Political Science Review 104, no. 01 (February 2010): 85–110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990359.

Mutz, Diana C. ‘Status Threat, Not Economic Hardship, Explains the 2016 Presidential Vote’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 19 (8 May 2018): E4330–39. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718155115.

Norpoth, Helmut, Andrew H. Sidman, and Clara H. Suong. ‘The New Deal Realignment in Real Time’. Presidential Studies Quarterly 43, no. 1 (March 2013): 146–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/psq.12007.

‘Partisan Bias in Message Selection: Media Gatekeeping of Party Press Releases - 10584609.2016.1265619’, n.d. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2016.1265619?needAccess=true.

‘Partisan Cues and the Media: Information Flows in the 1992 Presidential Election’ 92 (n.d.): 111–26. https://search.proquest.com/docview/214402856/fulltextPDF/661167E4770E43DEPQ/1?accountid=14782.

Peng, Yilang. ‘Same Candidates, Different Faces: Uncovering Media Bias in Visual Portrayals of Presidential Candidates with Computer Vision’. Journal of Communication 68, no. 5 (1 October 2018): 920–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy041.

Powell, G. Bingham. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt32bwg8.

‘Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation: Competing Models and Contrasting Explanations: Jan E. Leighley, and Arnold Vedlitz, 1999’, n.d. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/2647555.

‘Report of the Inquiry into the 2015  British General  Election Opinion Polls’, n.d. http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/390588/1/Report_final_revised.pdf.

‘Representation: Edmund Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol’, n.d. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch13s7.html.

Richard Johnston,  Michael G. Hagen, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. The 2000 Presidential Election and the Foundations of Party Politics. Cambridge University Press, 2004. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vuw/detail.action?docID=266540.

Schumpeter, Joseph A., and Joseph E. Stiglitz. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: Routledge, 2010. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203857090.

Shaker, Lee. ‘Dead Newspapers and Citizens’ Civic Engagement’. Political Communication 31, no. 1 (2 January 2014): 131–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2012.762817.

Sides, John, Michael Tesler, and Lynn Vavreck. ‘How Trump Lost and Won’. Journal of Democracy 28, no. 2 (2017): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2017.0022.

Skibba, Ramin. ‘Pollsters Struggle to Explain Failures of US Presidential Forecasts’. Nature 539, no. 7629 (9 November 2016): 339–339. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20968.

SpringerLink (Online service). Political Communication in Britain: Polling, Campaigning and Media in the 2015 General Election. Edited by Dominic Wring, Roger Mortimore, and Simon Atkinson. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-40934-4.

‘“Superior to Anything I Had Seen in the States”: The “Thatcherisation” of R...’ Journal of Transatlantic Studies (Springer Nature), 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99106528&site=ehost-live.

‘Technology Firms Shape Political Communication: The Work of Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, and Google With Campaigns During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Cycle - 10584609.2017.1364814’, n.d. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2017.1364814?needAccess=true.

‘Television vs. YouTube: Political Advertising in the 2012 Presidential Election - 19331681.2018.1476280’, n.d. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19331681.2018.1476280?needAccess=true.

Tenscher, Jens, Juri Mykkänen, and Tom Moring. ‘Modes of Professional Campaigning’. The International Journal of Press/Politics 17, no. 2 (April 2012): 145–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161211433839.

‘The Freedom to Publish Opinion Poll Results, 2012’, n.d. https://wapor.org/wp-content/uploads/WAPOR_FTP_2012.pdf.

‘The Global Economy, Competency, and the Economic Vote.’ Journal of Politics, 2010. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bah&AN=47394180&site=ehost-live.

‘The Irrational Electorate. By: Bartels, Larry M., Wilson Quarterly, 03633276, Autumn2008,  Vol. 32,  Issue 4’, n.d. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=31h&AN=34718834&site=ehost-live.

The Politics of Advanced Capitalism Edited by Pablo Beramendi, n.d. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-politics-of-advanced-capitalism/7DDFD56C784EEB3C284098D05BACF104.

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